Even people far removed from medicine know very well about the negative consequences of displacement of the first cervical vertebra, the atlas: migraines, headaches, dizziness, pain in the neck, shoulders and back, and even mental disorders. Yet when consulting a manual therapist or bonesetter, many discover that manually repositioning the atlas sometimes brings only temporary relief, or even a significant deterioration in their condition. We will try to understand why this happens in this article.

Atlas displacement and dental occlusion

Scientists proved experimentally long ago that manual correction of the first cervical vertebra often has a positive effect on the position of the jaw, and a treated patient demonstrates a more symmetrical body position. However, in most cases, posture is corrected only partially after repositioning the atlas. Researchers have clinically proved that, in this situation, the patient's malocclusion and existing jaw displacements prevent the first cervical vertebra from being repositioned. This is why the atlas problems cannot be resolved in these cases: first, the position of the jaw must be changed, particularly the dental occlusion, which is responsible for displacement of the first cervical vertebra.

How to identify displacement of the jaw

It is very easy to identify how far the jaw is displaced. Simply take a photograph of your face in a relaxed state, with your mouth closed and teeth together, and examine it. As you can see in the photograph above, the corresponding lines show the position of the lower jaw relative to the skull. If the jaw is ideally positioned relative to the skull, the eye and lip lines (L and R in the photograph) will be parallel to each other, and the centre of the chin will lie strictly along the facial midline. A deviation from this ideal pattern means that the person's jaw is displaced because of incorrect dental occlusion. In this case, the correct atlas position can be achieved only by changing the occlusion. Other types of treatment, such as working on the jaw muscles, will produce only a temporary effect, and sometimes displacement of the temporomandibular joints and atlas!

How jaw displacement affects the neck muscles and atlas

The lower jaw is connected to the back of the skull, cervical vertebrae and collarbones through a complex muscular system and the hyoid bone (Hyoideum), which literally 'hangs' 'by itself', because it is the only bone in the body not connected to other bones of the skeleton (which is precisely why it cannot be seen on three-dimensional models). The hyoid bone is connected to the jaw through muscles, and displacement of the latter inevitably leads to displacement of the hyoid bone. In this case, it acts on the muscle chains below it, connected to the collarbones and cervical spine, causing tension of varying intensity in them.

Through this mechanism, the hyoid bone regulates the body's static position, like a puppeteer controlling puppets with strings. Spasm of these neck muscles, especially the scalenes, leads to compression of the nerves and arteries beneath them. The inevitable change in muscle length on the two sides in this situation leads to cervical scoliosis. Moreover, lengthening of the muscles at the front of the neck leads to shortening of their antagonists at the back, and directly of the muscles connecting the skull to the first cervical vertebra—the atlas—which leads to its displacement.

So, as we can see, dental occlusion determines the position of the jaw; the jaw determines the position of the hyoid bone, which in turn regulates body position through the neck muscles, which also directly influence the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. Therefore, the slightest changes in occlusion—whether incorrect tooth positions from birth, extraction, fillings that are too high or too low, poor orthodontic work or prosthetic treatment—lead to displacement of the atlas, which for this very reason cannot be repositioned through manual intervention. Before performing this manipulation, it is therefore extremely important to examine the patient's dental occlusion and refer them to a competent orthocraniodontist, who will help not only to correct the malocclusion, but also to eliminate distortions of the skull structures. Without this condition, there is a significant risk of worsening the patient's already difficult situation, as well as wasting their money.

Atlas: consequences of displacement and myths about correction—here.

Scoliosis and osteochondrosis: their relationship and treatment using the biomechanical method—here.
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Materials and photographs from https://atlantomed.eu/en/ were used in this article.